Fundamental of Computers

 

FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTERS

 

1.       Fill in the blanks:

a.       A computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, process data, and can be programmed with instructions.

b.       Software is like a code and instruction that tell a computer or hardware how to work.

c.       C++ was introduced in the Fourth generation of computers.

d.       Secondary memory is not directly accessible to the CPU.

e.       The most common used printers are Laser, inkjet and Dotmatrix.

f.        Information is the summarization of data.

2.       Match the following:

a.       Mouse -> produce large drawings

b.       Plotter ->used as a printer

c.       Monitor -> computer information is displayed

d.       Speakers -> used to listen the voice

e.       Scanner -> used for automatic data collection

f.        Hard disk -> store large amount of data

3.       Choose the correct answer:

a.       What technology did the second generation of computers used?

                                                                           i.      AI

                                                                         ii.      Transistors

                                                                       iii.      Vaccum tubes

                                                                       iv.      IC

b.       Which one of these is an operating system?

                                                                           i.      FORTRAN

                                                                         ii.      COBOL

                                                                       iii.      LINUX

                                                                       iv.      BASIC

c.       Which one the these is not an input device?

                                                                           i.      Monitor

                                                                         ii.      Scanner

                                                                       iii.      Light pen

                                                                       iv.      Microphone

d.       _________ printers create an image directly on paper by spray ink.

                                                                           i.      Laser

                                                                         ii.      Inkjet

                                                                       iii.      Dotmatrix

                                                                       iv.      Solar

e.       _____________ is an example of word processing software.

                                                                           i.      MS Excel

                                                                         ii.      ORACLE

                                                                       iii.      Adobe Photoshop

                                                                       iv.      MSWord

3. State True or False for the following statements.

a.       Light pen is an output device.                                                                                                                     False

b.       RAM is the non-volatile memory.                                                                                                              False

c.       Hard disk is an example of primary memory.                                                                                       False

d.       A light pen is used to draw images and graphics manually.                                                             True

e.       Computers require additional infrastructure, such as power supply and software back up. True

4. Answer in one or two words.

1.            What makes meaningful output?

Ans: Computer

2.            Name one high level language and low-level language.

Ans: High Level – C++, low level - Assembly

3.            Which part of a computer has 104 keys?

Ans: Keyboard

4.            On which technology are fifth generation computers based?

Ans: ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)

5. Answer these questions in detail.

a.       State the advantages and disadvantages of computer.

Ans: Advantage:

1.       Primary advantage is speed and accuracy.

2.       Multi-tasking perform different function at a time.

3.       Store huge amount of data.

Disadvantage:

1.Computer makes our mind lazy.           

2. it need software backups.

3. Failure can led to great loss of data.

b.       What are application software’s and system software? Give examples.

Ans:

System Software: System Software is the type of software which is the interface between application software and system. Some examples of system software’s are Operating system, compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc.

Application Software: Application Software is the type of software which runs as per user request. It runs on the platform which is provide by system software. examples of application software’s are word processor, web browser, media player, etc.

c.       State the difference between low level language and high-level language.

Ans:

S.NO	HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE	LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
1.	It is programmer friendly language.	It is a machine friendly language.
2.	High level language is less memory efficient.	Low level language is high memory efficient.
3.	It is easy to understand.	It is tough to understand.
4.	It is simple to debug.	It is complex to debug comparatively.
5.	It is simple to maintain.	It is complex to maintain comparatively.

 

d.       What are output devices? Elaborate any two.

Ans: An output device is any hardware device used to send data from a computer to another device or user.

Usually, most output peripherals are meant for human use, so they receive the processed data from the computer and transform it in the form of audio, video, or physical reproductions.

Typical examples of output devices are monitors and projectors (video), headphones and speakers (audio), or printers and plotters (physical reproduction in the form of text or graphics).

 

e.       State the difference between hardware and software.

Ans: Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your machine, whereas software is a collection of programming code installed on your computer's hard drive. hardware refers to physical components of a computer while the software refers to a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a certain task. Hardware refers to the tangible and physical components of the computer.  CPU, motherboard, mouse, keyboard, printer, and monitor are some hardware components. On the other hand, software is a set of instructions to perform a specific task. The software should be loaded into hardware to perform a task.

f.        Elaborate PROM, EPROM and EEPROM.

Ans: PROM - (programmable read-only memory) is a memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. Unlike main memory, PROMs retain their contents when the computer is turned off.

 

EPROM - (erasable programmable read-only memory) is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once it is erased, it can be reprogrammed. An EEPROM is similar to a PROM, but requires only electricity to be erased.

 

EEPROM - (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory). Pronounced e-e-prom, an EEPROM is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge. Like other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off. Also like other types of ROM, EEPROM is not as fast as RAM.